Consistent chromosome 3p deletion and loss of heterozygosity in renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and normal kidney tissues have been examined from 34 patients with sporadic, nonhereditary RCC. Eighteen of the 21 cytogenetically examined tumors (86%) had a detectable anomaly of chromosome arm 3p distal to band 3p11.2-p13, manifested as a deletion, combined with the nonreciprocal translocation of a segment from another chromosome or monosomy 3. Restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis showed loss of D1S1 heterozygosity in 16 of the 21 cases (76%). D3S2 heterozygosity was lost in 2 of 11 cases (18%). The variability of the breakpoint between 3p11.2 and 3p13 and the absence of a consistently translocated segment from another chromosome suggests a genetic-loss mechanism, while the activation of a dominant oncogene appears less likely. Together with the previously demonstrated involvement of the 3p14.2 region in a familial case, these findings suggest that RCCs may arise by the deletion of a "recessive cancer gene," as do retinoblastoma and Wilms tumor. The relevant locus must be located on the telomeric side of the D1S1 locus on the short arm of chromosome 3.